BIGAGLIA, Pietro

The picture shows bottles and vases of polychrome filigree, produced by Bigaglia c. 1845. Filigree is an opaque white or coloured glass which appears as swirling threads or spirals. The various interlacing patterns of these filigrees differed from the traditional sixteenth-century ones in the chromatic vivacity of their fabric, highlighted by the formal simplicity of the object itself, with a slight hint of Biedermeier influence.

In early nineteenth-century Europe, a new creative potential developed in the decorative arts. An increasingly urban population and an expanding market of goods created by the Industrial Revolution stimulated the manufacture of many new decorative novelties. In the mid-1840s, glass paperweights appeared. They were a wholly modern, functional glass form that drew upon the ancient glassmaking techniques of millefiori and lampwork and the late-eighteenth century technique of cameo incrustation.

The sudden emergence and popularity of paperweights can be attributed not only to their decorative appeal but also to a growing Victorian leisure-time interest in letter writing. This fashionable upper and middle class pastime assured their profitable manufacture along with many other glass accessories related to letter writing, all of which were purchased inexpensively at stationery and novelty shops.

Paperweights were probably first produced in Venice/Murano around 1843 when Venice was still part of the Austrian Empire. The first dated examples were seen in 1845, when Pietro Bigaglia exhibited paperweights - and other glassware - at the Exhibition of Austrian Industry in Vienna. Bigaglia’s weights incorporated millefiori, silhouettes and figure portraits made by Giovanni Battista Franchini and later, his son, Giacomo.

Other notable Venetian paperweight makers of the mid-19th century include Giovanni Battista Franchini (1804-1873) and Domenico Bussolin (1805-1886).