BOY, Willem - b. ~1520 Mechelen, d. 1592 Stockholm - WGA

BOY, Willem

(b. ~1520 Mechelen, d. 1592 Stockholm)

Willem Boy (or Guillaume Boyens), Flemish sculptor and architect, active in Sweden. He is first recorded at the court of Gustav I Vasa (reg 1523-1560) in 1557-58. Boy executed a gilded wood relief portrait of the King (Mariefred, Gripsholm Slott, Statens Porträttsamling), as well as his tomb (1562-83; Uppsala Cathedral). The latter, in red and white alabaster, is the earliest large-scale example of such a work in the Renaissance style in Sweden and is influenced by Dutch examples, with recumbent figures of the King and his two queens and an obelisk at each corner.

Boy’s work as an architect included alterations to the Royal Palace, Stockholm, from 1577 to 1592 (destroyed 1697) and the castle at Svartsjö, near Stockholm (1570-90; destroyed 1687; replaced 1730s). At Stockholm, the medieval building was given columned arcading, decorative gables and richly decorated roofs for the towers. Svartsjö was reshaped into a three-storey building with a Renaissance cupola; the circular courtyard in front of the castle was surrounded by curved arcades of two storeys, and the castle was completed by seven symmetrically grouped towers with elegant roofs. The whole building was a blend of traditional Scandinavian and Renaissance architecture.

The churches of St Klara and St Jakob in Stockholm, inspired by Gothic architecture, were also the work of Boy; he may also have been involved in the redesigning of Uppsala Castle (1580s) for John III (reg 1568-1592), although not to any great extent; it is unclear how much Boy’s designs for John III owe to the King’s antiquarian interests.

Aerial view
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Aerial view

The Convent and Church of St. Clare was founded on the site in 1280s. In 1527, Gustav Vasa, King of Sweden, had the church and convent torn down. Construction of the current church, the Church of Saint Clare or Klara Church, designed by Willem Boy, started in 1572 under Johan III. The high church tower was built as part of restoration work in the 1880s.

Exterior view
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Exterior view

The Convent and Church of St. Clare was founded on the site in 1280s. In 1527, Gustav Vasa, King of Sweden, had the church and convent torn down. Construction of the current church, the Church of Saint Clare or Klara Church, designed by Willem Boy, started in 1572 under Johan III. The high church tower was built as part of restoration work in the 1880s.

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Exterior view

Saint James’s Church (Swedish: Sankt Jacobs kyrka) is a church in central Stockholm, dedicated to apostle Saint James the Greater, patron saint of travellers. (Swedish uses the same name for both James and Jacob.)

The church took a long time to complete. As a consequence it includes a wide range of architectural styles, such as Late Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. In 1580 King John III ordered a church to be rebuilt on the location of a demolished medieval church. Construction on the present church started in 1588. As completed by the time for the death of John III, the design of Willem Boy included a central nave flanked by two tall aisles resting on sandstone columns.

Interior view
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Interior view

The Convent and Church of St. Clare was founded on the site in 1280s. In 1527, Gustav Vasa, King of Sweden, had the church and convent torn down. Construction of the current church, the Church of Saint Clare or Klara Church, designed by Willem Boy, started in 1572 under Johan III. The high church tower was built as part of restoration work in the 1880s.

Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts
Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts by

Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts

King Gustav Vasa, the founder of the Vasa Dynasty and unifier of Sweden in the 16th century, is buried in the chapel behind the main altar. Uppsala Cathedral is the burial site for other members of the royal family and many famous Swedes. Nearly a decade before his death, the King had expressed a wish to be buried in the cathedral. He is buried with his three wives, although only two are depicted on the sarcophagus designed by Willem Boy. The king and his wives are interred in what was once the Chapel of the Virgin Mary.

Boy is thought to have returned from Sweden to Flanders to spend six years working on the sarcophagus of Gustav Vasa and his two first consorts Catherine and Margaret. In 1571 he was finally able to send the statues of the king and his wives to Sweden. In 1572 he went to England to buy marble and alabaster for the rest of the monument. However, in 1567 he had borrowed 1.000 daler for the project and when the bond proprietor in Antwerp was informed the statues happened to be in the city, she presented the bonds to the city magistrates and, as the defendant failed to present himself, the statues were confiscated.

When Boy was informed of the situation he immediately managed to have the repayment postponed and wrote a letter to the Swedish monarch who happened to be in Kalmar. The infuriated king wrote a letter to the Duke of Alba to have the monument sent to Sweden. Furthermore, to ensure Dutch merchants in Sweden would support his cause, he threatened to free them from their favoured position and demanded that they produce a security at least equal to the value of the monument. The Dutch magistrates eventually backed down and Boy was given a respite. The sarcophagus was safely delivered to Uppsala in 1583.

The main volume in red marble measures 2.77x2x1.36 m with pillars on the corners 1.68 m tall. The statues are made of white marble with crowns and sceptres in gilded bronze.

Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts
Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts by

Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts

King Gustav Vasa, the founder of the Vasa Dyansty and unifier of Sweden in the 16th century, is buried in the chapel behind the main altar. Uppsala Cathedral is the burial site for other members of the royal family and many famous Swedes. Nearly a decade before his death, the King had expressed a wish to be buried in the cathedral. He is buried with his three wives, although only two are depicted on the sarcophagus designed by Willem Boy. The king and his wives are interred in what was once the Chapel of the Virgin Mary.

Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts
Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts by

Tomb of Gustav I Vasa and his Consorts

King Gustav Vasa, the founder of the Vasa Dyansty and unifier of Sweden in the 16th century, is buried in the chapel behind the main altar. Uppsala Cathedral is the burial site for other members of the royal family and many famous Swedes. Nearly a decade before his death, the King had expressed a wish to be buried in the cathedral. He is buried with his three wives, although only two are depicted on the sarcophagus designed by Willem Boy. The king and his wives are interred in what was once the Chapel of the Virgin Mary.

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